The Geographic Information System-Based Crime Analysis
One of the innovations on data sharing is the use Geographic Information System (GIS), an application that can create data mosaics and shares some of the potential problems of other database systems. GIS has database functions and mapping features and can perform spatial analysis and so create entirely new sets of data. The data gathered and created by public agencies have become increasingly valuable and attractive to a wide range of people and businesses. GIS are often operated by local, state, and federal agencies--organizations with the resources to run such costly systems.
PNP Cordillera or Police Regional Office -Cordillera, utilizes the potential of GIS in crime prevention and crime solution. Below is the documentation of said project.
A. BACKGROUND:
Being informed is essential to man’s survival. The knowing of “what” and “how to” is vital in determining one’s success. According to Jack Dangermond of Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI),"Knowing where things are, and why, is essential to rational decision making”.
Nowadays, criminals are becoming technology savvy. It is therefore imperative that law enforcers should take advantage of technology to address crimes.
Cognizant of this fact and in line with the PNP’s vision to become a highly capable, effective, and credible police service, PRO-COR initiated the GIS-BCA project.
B. PROJECT DESCRIPTION:
Under GIS-BCA, crime data is stored in a Master Table using MS Excel for a user-friendly data manipulation, management and processing. This generates location-based information, crime statistics, crime clock, and crime trends. Through an algorithm, the data will be transposed to Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) where crime incidents will be overlaid in a map along with crime hotspots. For better analysis, the crime categories are broken down into modes of commission.
Police personnel can then track the movement of crimes in their AOR. Aware of historical events, they can plan for an effective response, determine mitigation priorities, and predict future actions. The ground commanders could maximize his limited resources by identifying areas where crime incidents happen most and the time they happen. (see tab “A” for more details)
C. EXECUTION:
1. Regional Level
The GIS-BCA project which started on July 12, 2012 aims to make reporting of crime incidents transparent. After validating the crime data of the Baguio City Police Office (BCPO), issues on mismanagement of data and poor preventive plans were discovered. This prompted PROCOR to use Geographic Information System in crime mapping and data recording. Brainstorming and intensive meetings with personnel of the Regional Investigation and Management Division (RIDMD) resulted in the formulation of the GIS-BCA. To implement and develop the project, a GIS Team was subsequently organized at the Regional Headquarters. The team is headed by PSUPT Christopher Acop and the following members: NUP Oliver Paculan, NUP Shan-ry Roberts, NUP Karen Annasiw and NUP Mischelle Junio. The team manages the application of GIS-BCA, develops the project and updates the fields of the Master Table, including the conducts of trainings to the PPO/CPO and other requesting agencies.
2. Provincial and City Levels
On August 30, 2012, 53 personnel of the Operations and Investigation Section of the Baguio City Police Office underwent the 1st training on GIS-BCA. Subsequent trainings were conducted by the team to the other PPOs. Trainings were held on September 11-14, October 4-5 and December 10-13, 2012. GIS Team from the PPOs and BCPO were also created to fully utilize the application of the project.
To date, PRO-COR’s GIS Team has already trained 32 Units regionwide under the supervision and administration of the GIS Team as shown:
Table 1. Units trained on GIS Crime Analysis.
Units/Office
|
No. of Units
|
No. of Units Trained
|
Abra PPO
|
3
|
3
|
Apayao PPO
|
2
|
2
|
Baguio City PO
|
12
|
12
|
Benguet PPO
|
5
|
5
|
Ifugao PPO
|
3
|
3
|
Kalinga PPO
|
2
|
2
|
Mt Province PPO
|
2
|
2
|
Region
|
3
|
3
|
Total
|
32
|
32
|
D. Project Developments:
Endorsement and Support
a. National Headquarters
On October 19, 2012, the GIS-BCA was presented to the National Operations Center (NOC), Directorate for Operations and, Directorate for Investigation and Detective Management Division (DIDM), Camp Crame, Quezon City. Appreciating its capability as a tool for crime intervention, the participants expressed their eagerness to adopt the project in their AOR.
Subsequently, the Regional Director, PCSUPT BENJAMIN B MAGALONG presented the project to the former Chief, PNP, PDGEN NICANOR A. BARTOLOME and the Directorial Staff on November 21, 2012.Then Chief, PNP BARTOLOME, fully appreciating the potential and capability of the project in crime prevention/ intervention, recommended its use as template for all PNP units.
The GIS-BCA was officially launched on December 5, 2012 during the NALECC meeting at the Multi-Purpose Center, Camp Crame, Quezon City, attended by the Undersecretary of the DILG, RDs of all regions, and NALECC members.
Aware of its potential as a tool for national crime prevention / intervention, the undersigned presented the project to the office of the Directorate for Operations headed by PDIR. ALEX PAUL MONTEAGUDO. The response was positive. On the following day, PDIR MONTEAGUDO requested another demonstration of the project application during their Family Conference. After the presentation, he directed his IT personnel to learn about the project and adopt the same.
b. LGUs and Other Agencies
On January 28, 2013, the RD together with City Director PSSUPT JESUS D CAMBAY and staff also presented the project to the city council of Baguio. The council presided by Vice-Mayor Daniel Farinas realized that the PNP is aligned with the good governance and “Tuwid na Daan” campaign of the President. They were inspired to support the project and even tasked Councilor Edgar Bilog to head a committee to ensure the full utilization of the project in the city of Baguio.
The project was also presented to the members of the Regional Law Enforcement Coordinating Council (RLECC) on February 21, 2013 during their 1st Quarter meeting. Members from the NAPOLCOM, PDEA, NTC, DSWD, DENR, DPWH, DepEd and others appreciated the capability of GIS-BCA.
In addition, the project was also presented to the members of NAPOLCOM Head Office on February 26, 2013 where it was adjudged as highly recommended police management tool.
Launching of Web GIS
On December 19, 2012, the Command launched the newly developed Web GIS Project, or the “PRO-Cordillera Crime Mapping” which allows the general public and the community to view up to date crime incidents, crime types, trends, patterns, and other relevant information through the PRO-COR website (www.procor.pnp.gov.ph). The WEB GIS project highlights the importance of disseminating public safety information to the community. Residents can in turn share this disseminated information on criminal incidents with their neighbors or they can give feedback on problems and issues faced by police agencies and the community. This engages them to become partners in crime prevention and control.
Other Updates
On February 26, 2013 to March 1, 2013, 5 personnel from the Southern Police District (SPD), NCRPO underwent training on GIS-BCA application.
On March 12, 2013, PRO-COR presented the GIS-BCA to the National Advisory Group for Police Transformation and Development (NAGPTD). The project was appreciated by the NAGPTD members, as the chairman recommended the crafting of a resolution for its nationwide adoption.
On April 1, 2013, the GIS Team together with the Deputy Regional Director for Administration, PCSUPT ROBERTO Q SORIANO presented the GIS-BCA project to the Department of Tourism- CAR headed by its Regional Director Mrs. Purificacion S. Molintas. She signified interest of adapting the concept of GIS-BCA for tourism monitoring, analysis and some other tourism purposes.
On May 9, 2013, PROCOR Regional Director PCSUPT BENJIE MAGALONG presented the project to the Chief PNP, PDGen. ALAN LM PURISIMA during his visit to the region. The Chief PNP applauded the dynamics of the project, instructing the head of DIDM to craft a resolution that GIS-BCA will be adapted and be implemented nationwide by the PNP.
Likewise, the project among other PROCOR innovation on IT were presented and demonstrated to different PNP Units, other agencies and media such as NEDA, ISA (Institute for Solidarity in Asia), DIDM, PRO1, Philippine Information Agency, UNTV, ABS-CBN, The Midland Courier, Civil Service Commission, PNP Personnel from Regional Public Safety Battalion (RPSB), PNP Personnel (joint IOBC-OAC) undergoing training at CARTS, Benguet LGUs, and to students of different schools in La Trinidad.
Moreover, on August 20, 2013, the team presented the Crime Situation of the region using GIS-BCA to the members of Regional Peace and Order Council (RPOC) held at NEDA-CAR.
On August 29, 2013, the DRDO, PSSUPT ULYSSES J ABELLERA presented the Vehicular Traffic Accident Report using GIS-BCA to the personnel of DOTC and DPWH during the 4th RLECC conference leading to the appreciation of said agencies of the capacity of GIS-BCA in addressing even Vehicular Traffic Accidents.
The GIS Team together with the Regional Director presented same project to NCRPO on September 10, 2013, gaining the same positive response from the personnel therein.
On September 27, 2013, the Regional Director of PRO-ARMM, PCSUPT Noel O Delos Reyes, brought his team to PROCOR to acquaint themselves with the innovations being utilized by the police personnel of the region, including the GIS-BCA. During the demonstration of the project, they fully understood the capacity and possible efficiency of it in addressing crimes, thus, they requested for a-10-day training of their personnel before the year ends.
PRO-ARMM Regional Director & his team with PROCOR GIS Team, PROCOR SDS and C,RPSMU
|
Same project was also presented to students, barangay officials and the participants of the National Crime Prevention Week Program on September 29, 2013 at the University of Baguio, and even to the 102 students from Naga College Foundation who visited on October 31, 2013.
The GIS-BCA as management tool became wide spread to other police regional offices, which led to the coming of 5 PNP Personnel of PRO-6 on January 13-23, 2014 who underwent the same 10 days training.
1. Crime Environment
With the use of GIS-BCA, PRO-COR was able to get an authentic crime data, which through this, the most prevalent crimes committed specifically in the city of Baguio and La Trinidad were properly addressed. Pickpocket which comprises the 27% of the total Theft cases decreased by 11% and its hotspots along Maharlika area going to the Baguio Public Market was dismantled. In September and October 2013, there were no Hotspots of Pickpocket recorded. Homicide cases decreased by 33.33% compared to the record of 2 years ago. Hotspots and crime peak hours were identified in the city of Baguio and La Trinidad, resulting in the disassembling of crime groups in said places.
2. Crime Management
2. Crime Management
By getting the true picture, police personnel became fully aware of what’s going on in their area of responsibility. They became analytical in addressing crime incidents and planning preventive measures, courses of actions, and they were able to maximize their limited resources because of rational deployment of personnel. Their management skills became directional and practical, thus, making them more effective in delivering public safety services. Moreover, crime data management became authentic and transparent.
D. ASSESSMENT:
With its continuous usage, PNP commanders will be more scientific, analytic, and logical – instead of being just intuitive – in formulating law enforcement intervention measures to pre-empt or prevent and control crimes.
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